Patella dislocation, also known as kneecap dislocation, typically occurs following trauma to the knee, often during sports or after a fall. While the dislocated patella may sometimes slip back into place on its own, it is essential to consult an orthopedic surgeon, as patella dislocation often leads to cartilage injuries.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Patients who experience patella dislocation should undergo a thorough examination, including X-rays and MRI scans. These diagnostic tools help identify fractures or cartilage injuries that may accompany the dislocation. In cases where the patella continues to dislocate repeatedly, the condition is referred to as patella instability, which usually involves the patella slipping out of place on the outer side of the knee during movement.

Patients with recurrent dislocations must be evaluated with X-rays, MRI, and CT scans to identify the cause of the instability. Causes may include a torn ligament stabilizing the patella, abnormal bone structure around the knee, or misalignment of the patella.

Watch video of Patellofemoral Instability

Treatment Options

• Non-Surgical Treatment: If there is no cartilage injury or fracture, and the patella remains stable, non-surgical treatment may be recommended. This typically involves pain management and rehabilitation.
• Surgical Treatment: When fractures or cartilage injuries are present, or if the dislocation becomes recurrent due to patella instability, surgery may be necessary. Surgical options include:
  • Ligament Reconstruction: For patients with a torn ligament stabilizing the patella.
  • Bone Reshaping: To correct abnormalities in the bones around the knee.
  • Patella Realignment Surgery: To correct patellar misalignment.

Recovery and Post-Surgery Care

Following surgery, patients will follow a personalized rehabilitation program designed to restore normal function and activity levels. Recovery time varies depending on the procedure, but most patients see improvement in stability and mobility after completing rehabilitation.