Knee replacement surgery is typically performed to treat knee arthritis that hasn’t responded well to non-surgical treatments. The type of knee replacement needed depends on the location and severity of the arthritis.

Total Knee Replacement

When the entire knee joint is affected, a total knee replacement is recommended. In this procedure, the entire joint surface is removed and replaced with an artificial knee made from specialised metal and polyethylene components.

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Partial Knee Replacement

If the arthritis is confined to one side of the knee joint, a unicondylar (partial) knee replacement can be performed. The benefits of a partial knee replacement include less pain, faster recovery, and a lower risk of post-operative complications, such as infection, excessive blood loss, and deep vein thrombosis, compared to a total knee replacement. Patients may also find that activities like golf and tennis feel more natural after a partial knee replacement.

Patello-Femoral Joint Replacement

For arthritis that only affects the patello-femoral joint—the area between the kneecap and the thigh bone (femur)—a patello-femoral joint replacement may be performed. This procedure involves replacing only the damaged cartilage at the back of the kneecap and the femur.

Robotic-Assisted Knee Replacement

Robotic knee replacement is a relatively new technology that uses a robot to assist in making precise cuts on the patient's bones. Dr Arakkal is trained in robotic-assisted knee replacements and may offer this option to patients where appropriate.

Pre-Surgery Assessment

Before undergoing surgery, it is crucial to carefully assess the patient to identify any undiagnosed medical conditions and ensure that chronic illnesses, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, are well managed. This helps reduce the risk of complications after surgery.

Enhanced Recovery Programme

Dr Arakkal provides an enhanced recovery programme following joint replacement surgery, which includes:

• Pain Management: Carefully selected medication provides effective pain relief, helping patients mobilise early without drowsiness.
• Early Physiotherapy: Patients begin physiotherapy within hours of waking up from surgery to regain strength and start walking with crutches. This early mobilisation speeds recovery and reduces the risk of complications such as blood clots, chest infections, and urinary retention.
• Diet and Fluids: Patients are encouraged to resume their normal diet and fluids as soon as possible after surgery.
• Avoiding Urinary Catheters: Routine use of urinary catheters is avoided, reducing the risk of infection and making it easier for patients to mobilise.

Most patients are ready to go home one or two days after their knee replacement. Post-operative check-ups are typically scheduled two weeks and six weeks after surgery. By the six-week mark, most patients are walking without crutches. Full recovery from a total knee replacement usually takes 6 to 12 months, while partial knee replacement patients often recover more quickly.

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